|
|
Subaru Forester1997-2005 of releaseRepair and car operation |
|
|
Subaru Forester - Cars Subaru Forester Identification numbers of the car Acquisition of spare parts Technology of service, the tool and the workplace equipment Поддомкрачивание and towage Start of the engine from the auxiliary power supply Automobile химикалии, cleaners, hermetics Diagnostics of malfunctions of knots and car systems + The maintenance instruction + Routine maintenance + The engine + Systems of cooling, heating + The power supply system and release + Engine electric equipment + Control systems of the engine + Gear change box + Coupling, трансмиссионная a line + Brake system + Suspension bracket and steering + Body + Onboard electric equipment 
|
Technology of service, the tool and the workplace equipment Technology of serviceThere are some techniques of performance of procedures of maintenance service and car repairs on which the reader will find references in the text of the given management. Following by it will make work of the house mechanic of more effective, will allow to organise in the best way and qualitatively to execute various technical procedures and is pledge of careful and full performance of all works. Fixture As fixture are called nuts, bolts, hairpins and the screws serving for connection among themselves of two or more details. At work with fixture it is necessary to remember some things constantly. Practically in any fixture this or that kind контрящих and fixing adaptations is applied. It can be lock washers, counternuts, lock tags or fixing компаунд for carvings. All used carving fixture should be absolutely pure and direct, with not broken carving and not rounded corners шестигранных heads which the wrench is put on. It is necessary to take for a rule obligatory replacement of the damaged nuts and bolts on new. Special самоконтрящиеся nuts with nylon or fiber inserts are not subject to a reuse, as at отдавании lose the контрящие properties and at assemblage should be always replaced with the new. Prirzhavevshie bolts and nuts for simplification of unscrewing and in order to avoid damage before отдаванием should be processed special getting structure. Many mechanics prefer to use for this purpose turpentine which it is convenient to put from the special small canister with a long nouse. After wetting of the "become attached" fixture by getting structure before starting to it отдаванию, it is necessary to give to structure within several minutes properly to impregnate the oxidised contact layer. Strongly rusted fixture can be cut down a chisel, is cut ножовкой or removed by means of special гайколома. At cutting of a head of a bolt or обламывании hairpins on assemblage, the rest of a carving part can be drilled or taken by means of the special tool. The majority of repair trucks can undertake performance of this, also as well as others (for example, restoration of the broken carving in carving apertures), repair procedures. Flat and lock washers at assemblage should be established always into place in the same order and the same way, as earlier. The damaged washers always replace with the new. Between a lock washer and a soft metal surface (for example, aluminium), thin sheet metal or plastic always it is necessary to establish flat washers. The sizes of fixture For many reasons manufacturers of cars all apply metric fixture more widely and more widely. However, it is important to know a difference between used sometimes standard (named also American, or standard SAE) and more universal in system of measures metric fixture as, despite external similarity, they are not interchangeable. All bolts, both standard, and metric are classified on diameter, a step of a carving and length. For example, the standard bolt 1/2 - 13 х 1 has an inch floor in diameter, 13 coils of a carving on one inch and length of 1 inch. Metric bolt М12 - 1.75 х 25 has diameter of 12 mm, a step of a carving of 1.75 mm (distance between the next coils) and length of 25 mm. Both bolts are outwardly almost identical, however are not interchangeable. Marks of a class of durability of bolts (above - standard/SAE/USS, below - metric)
In addition to the listed signs both metric, and standard bolts can be identified by head survey. To begin with, the distance between лысками heads of a metric bolt is measured in mm, whereas at standard - in inches (the same is fair and for nuts). As consequence, the standard wrench is not necessary for use with metric fixture, and on the contrary. Besides, on heads большей parts of standard bolts usually are available the radial notches defining the maximum admissible effort of a tightening of a bolt (durability degree). The more quantity of notches, the above admissible effort (on cars bolts with degree of durability from 0 to 5 are usually applied). The class of durability of metric bolts is defined by a digital code. Code figures are usually cast, as well as for standard, on a bolt head (on cars bolts of classes of durability 8.8, 9.8, and 10.9 are usually applied). Marks of a class of durability standard шестигранных nuts
Marks of a class of durability metric шестигранных nuts
Also on labels of a class of durability standard nuts can be distinguished from the metric. Dot labels are applied to identification of durability of standard nuts, проштамповываемые on one of face surfaces of a nut while marks of metric nuts are made with the help besides figures. Than quantity of points, or the above value of a digital code, the above admissible effort of a tightening of a nut more. Marks of a class of durability of metric hairpins
End faces of metric hairpins also are marked according to a class of their durability. Large hairpins are marked by a digital code whereas marks are put on smaller in the form of a geometrical figure. It is necessary to notice that the considerable part of fixture, in particular a class of durability from 0 to 2, is not marked at all. In this case unique way of difference of standard fixture from metric is measurement of a step of a carving, or сравнивание carvings with unequivocally identified. Standard fixture often name also, contrary to metric, fixture of standard SAE, however, it is necessary to remember that under classification SAE only small fixture gets. The large fixture with not metric carving is fixture of the American standard (USS). The sizes/marks of a class proch-nosti standard (SAE and USS) bolts
The sizes/marks of a class of durability of metric bolts
As the fixture of the same geometrical size (both standard, and metric) can have various classes of durability, at replacement by the car of bolts, nuts and hairpins it is necessary to pay attention to conformity of a class of durability of established new fixture to a class of durability of the old. Procedure and order of a tightening of carving connections The tightening большей should be made parts of carving connections with the efforts defined by requirements of Specifications, resulted in the beginning of each Chapter of the given Management (it is necessary to understand as effort of a tightening of fixture put to it at a tightening a twisting moment). More low the effort of a tightening will be called also as the moment of an inhaling of fixture. The tightening with excessive effort can lead to infringement of integrity of fixture whereas недотягивание it conducts to unreliability of connection of interfaced components. Bolts, screws and hairpins, depending on a material of which they are made also diameter of a carving part, usually have strictly certain admissible moments of an inhaling, many of which as already it was mentioned above, are resulted in Specifications in the beginning of each Chapter. Strictly adhere to the resulted recommendations about the moments of an inhaling of fixture applied on the car. For a tightening of the fixture which has been not mentioned in Specifications, it is necessary to use the map of the admissible moments of rotation resulted more low. The values resulted in the table are focused on fixture of classes of durability 2 and 3 (more high-class fixture supposes a tightening with the big effort), besides, it is meant that the tightening dry (with not greased carving) fixture in steel or cast (not aluminium) a detail is made. The sizes of metric carvings
The sizes of trumpet carvings
The sizes of carvings of the American standard
Any fixture located on a perimetre detail (such as bolts of a head of cylinders, the pallet картера and various covers), in order to avoid detail deformation should be given and be tightened in strictly certain order. The order of a tightening and отдавания such fixture is resulted in corresponding Heads of the Management. If the special order is not stipulated, in order to avoid a component curvature it is necessary to adhere described below procedure. At the first stage all bolts or nuts should be tightened by hand. Further, each of them should be by turns held on on one complete revolution, and transition of odes of one bolt/nut to another should be carried out in a diagonal order (cross-wise). Further, having returned to the first bolt/nut, it is necessary to repeat procedure in the same order, tightening fixture for a half-turn. Continue to operate in the same manner, tightening each bolt/nut this time already on a turn quarter for one approach until all of them will not appear tightened with demanded effort. At отдавании fixture as it is necessary to adhere to the described procedure, but operating upside-down.
Measures of precautions which should be observed at removal of hoses, are very close to that at removal of linings. Avoid damage of surfaces of unions and branch pipes on which hoses as it can be at the bottom of occurrence of leaks put on. In a special measure it concerns procedure of removal of hoses of a radiator. |