Subaru Forester
+ Cars Subaru Forester
+ The maintenance instruction
+ Routine maintenance
+ The engine
+ Systems of cooling, heating
+ The power supply system and release
+ Engine electric equipment
- Control systems of the engine
Specifications
System of onboard diagnostics (OBD) - a principle of functioning and codes of malfunctions. Signals in management chains
ЕСМ - the general information, an estimation of a condition and replacement
Information gauges, the relay and actuation mechanisms - the general information
System of catching of fuel evaporations (EVAP)
System recycling the fulfilled gases (EGR)
System of operated ventilation картера (PCV)
The conductor of a jellied mouth of a fuel tank
The Katalitichesky converter - the general information, check of a condition and replacement
+ Gear change box
+ Coupling, трансмиссионная a line
+ Brake system
+ Suspension bracket and steering
+ Body
+ Onboard electric equipment
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Information gauges, the relay and actuation mechanisms - the general information
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In order to avoid failure ЕСМ at performance described below checks use only the digital voltmeter with high (from above 10 МОм) an impedance! |
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The car equipped with system OBD-II should be driven away on a car repair shop for reading of codes of malfunctions from application of the special scanner. There are some checks (the causes of failures connected with revealing at engine start) which the owner of a vehicle can execute independently, in all other cases the car should be driven away in car-care centre. |
The gauge-switch of inclusion of the conditioner of air - the general information and a functioning principle
At receipt of a signal from the gauge-switch of inclusion К/В ECM makes necessary updatings of working parametres of the engine (first of all idling turns), called to compensate connected with functioning of the conditioner loading increase.
Full squeezing of a pedal of an accelerator at working К/В automatically leads to time switching-off of compressor K/V that raises приемистость the car during overtaking. The signal about opening throttle заслонки arrives on ECM from TPS (see more low) and the management module immediately develops a command on operation of the disconnecting relay of the compressor.
The gauge of measurement of weight of air (MAF)
The general information and functioning principle
Gauge MAF is fixed in the top cover of an air cleaner.
Details of installation of the gauge of measurement of weight of air
The gauge makes measurement of weight of all air soaked up in the engine and on the basis of information ECM arriving from it defines quantity of the injected fuel, providing demanded structure of an air-fuel mix, and also optimum parametres of ignition.
Measurement of weight of air is made on technology of "a hot film”, based on efficiency of cooling of a sensitive element of gauge MAF. Gauge activation occurs at the moment of ignition inclusion at key turn in position ON.
The sensitive element of the gauge works as the thermosensitive resistor. ECM aspires to maintain temperature constantly of a sensitive element at demanded level. At обдуве heads of the gauge the sensitive element is cooled by air and ECM provides updating of force of a current passed through it. The internal contour of the gauge traces the given change and gives out a corresponding signal on ECM which on the basis of the analysis of the arriving information makes necessary updatings.
Removal and installation
The description of procedures of removal and gauge MAF installation is resulted in Section Removal and installation of the gauge of measurement of weight of air (MAF) Heads of the Power supply system and release.
The gauge of atmospheric pressure (model with АТ)
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The gauge of atmospheric value is used only on models with АТ. |
The general information and functioning principle
The gauge of atmospheric pressure is used on the models equipped with automatic transmission and fastens ahead of the top support of the right rack of a forward suspension bracket.
The gauge structure includes the electromagnetic valve switched between atmospheric and soaking up lines and actually by the gauge of pressure.
Signals developed by the gauge are used ECM at management of functioning of systems EGR and EVAP (Specifications see).
Removal and installation
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If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped by a security code before to disconnect the battery make sure that have a correct combination for audiosystem input in action! |
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1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery.
2. Disconnect electroconducting from the gauge. |
| 3. Disconnect a hose from the pressure gauge. |
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| 4. Remove the gauge from a basic arm. |
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Installation is made upside-down.
Gauges of position cranked (CKP) and distributive (CMP) shaft
The general information and functioning principle
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1. On the basis of arriving from gauges CKP and CMP frequency signal ECM defines current position of pistons in engine cylinders.
2. Gauges have a similar principle of functioning and develop a signal continuously at the working engine. |
| 3. Gauge CKP is established under a cogwheel of a cranked shaft. Each time when the tooth of a wheel of a cranked shaft passes under sensitive element CKP, the gauge develops a small electric impulse. |
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| 4. Gauge CMP on a support of the left camshaft also develops an impulse each time at passage by its sensitive element of the special ledge provided on the back party of a cogwheel of a camshaft. |
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Principle of functioning of gauge CMP
Removal and installation
Gauge CKP
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If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped by a security code before to disconnect the battery make sure that have a correct combination for audiosystem input in action! |
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| 1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery. |
| 2. Turn out a bolt of fastening of gauge CKP to the block of cylinders. |
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| 3. Remove the gauge and disconnect from it electroconducting. |
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| 4. Installation is made upside-down. Track, that the fixing bolt has been tightened with demanded effort (6.4 0.5 Nanometers). |
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Gauge CMP
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If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped by a security code before to disconnect the battery make sure that have a correct combination for audiosystem input in action! |
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| 1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery. |
| 2. Disconnect electroconducting from gauge CMP. |
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| 3. Turn out a fixing bolt and remove gauge CMP from a support of the left camshaft. |
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| 4. Installation is made upside-down. Track, that the fixing bolt has been tightened with demanded effort (6.4 0.5 Nanometers). |
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The gauge of temperature of a cooling liquid of the engine (ECT)
The general information and functioning principle
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| 1. Gauge ECT is fixed on the pipe made of an aluminium alloy охладительного a path of the engine and is термистор which resistance changes in inverse proportion to temperature change. |
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| 2. On the basis of the analysis of information ECM arriving from the gauge exercises fuel administration in parametres of injection, supporting thereby efficiency of return of the engine on a maximum level. |
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Removal and installation
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If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped by a security code before to disconnect the battery make sure that have a correct combination for audiosystem input in action! |
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1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery.
2. Release a collar of fastening of a sleeve of an air inlet to gauge MAF (air cleaner), also release a collar of fastening of a sleeve to the delivery chamber (see Has undressed the Regulator of pressure of fuel - the general data of the Head of the Power supply system and release).
3. Disconnect from an air inlet sleeve issue hoses.
4. Remove an air inlet (see Has undressed the Regulator of pressure of fuel - the general data of the Head of the Power supply system and release). |
| 5. Disconnect electroconducting from gauge ECT. |
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| 6. Turn out fixing bolts and take aside the electromagnetic valve of system of stabilisation of turns of idling (IAC), without disconnecting from it hoses охладительного a path. |
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| 7. Remove gauge ECT. |
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| 8. Installation is made upside-down. Track observance of requirements to effort of a tightening (25 3 Nanometers). |
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The converter противодавления systems recycling the fulfilled gases (EGR)
The general information and functioning principle
By means of the given converter the control of functioning of system EGR by restriction of depth of the depression caused противодавлением in system of release is carried out.
Removal and installation
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| 1. Disconnect from the converter противодавления vacuum hoses. |
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2. Remove the gauge from a basic arm.
3. Installation is made upside-down. |
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The pressure gauge in a fuel tank
Removal and installation of the gauge of pressure in a fuel tank
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If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped by a security code before to disconnect the battery make sure that have a correct combination for audiosystem input in action! |
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| 1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery. |
| 2. Liberate fixing hook and shift forward a back of the right back lateral seat. |
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| 3. Uncover the top support of the right rack of a back suspension bracket. |
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| 4. Remove top sections of furnish of the right back window leaf. |
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| 5. Remove the right back floor pillow. |
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| 6. Remove the right back eye of fastening of luggage in a cargo compartment of the car. |
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| 7. Remove the right section of an overlay of a threshold of a door of a back. |
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| 8. Release clamps and separate from кузовного an element the bottom panel of furnish of a back window leaf. |
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| 9. Disconnect electroconducting from a back nest of a food. |
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| 10. Disconnect electroconducting from the pressure gauge in a fuel tank. |
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| 11. Turn out bolts of fastening of a basic arm of the gauge of pressure. |
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| 12. Disconnect from the gauge of pressure a hose. |
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13. Remove the gauge of pressure from a basic arm.
14. Installation is made upside-down. |
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The electromagnetic valve of management of pressure in a fuel tank
Removal and installation
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If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped by a security code before to disconnect the battery make sure that have a correct combination for audiosystem input in action! |
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1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery.
2. Поддомкратьте the car also establish it on props. |
| 3. Disconnect from the electromagnetic valve of management of pressure of a line of tap of fuel evaporations. |
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| 4. Disconnect from the valve electroconducting. |
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| 5. Remove the valve from a basic arm. |
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Installation is made upside-down.
The electromagnetic valve of ventilation
Removal
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If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped by a security code before to disconnect the battery make sure that have a correct combination for audiosystem input in action! |
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1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery.
2. Поддомкратьте the car also establish it on props. |
| 3. Remove a coal adsorber. |
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| 4. Disconnect two hoses from assemblage of the air filter. |
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| 5. Disconnect from the ventilating valve electroconducting. |
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| 6. Turn out a bolt of fastening of a basic arm of the valve. |
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| 7. Disconnect from the valve two vacuum hoses. |
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| 8. Turn out a unique bolt of fastening of the valve to a basic arm. |
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| 9. Remove the valve. |
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Installation
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| 1. Having tightened a bolt, fix the valve on a basic arm. |
| 2. Connect to the valve vacuum hoses. |
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3. Get assemblage of the valve with an arm on the regular place, screw and tighten with demanded effort (17.6 5 Nanometers) a fixing bolt.
4. Connect to the valve electroconducting.
5. Connect hoses to the air filter
6. Establish into place a coal adsorber.
7. Lower the car on the earth.
8. Connect a negative wire to the battery. |
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Actuation mechanism of a drive of system of stabilisation of turns of idling (IAC/ISC)
The general information and functioning principle
By means of actuation mechanism ISC administration of quantity of air which is restarted up bypassing the throttle chamber is exercised. Possibility of such additional giving of air in the inlet pipeline allows the management module to support idling turns at the set level without dependence from change of current loading on the engine. The quantity of restarted up air is supervised ECM by means of a frequency signal, is continuous in the course of functioning of the engine arriving from the special electromagnet which is a part of valve IAC.
The number of sources of the information on which basis ECM defines exact quantity of air which is necessary for submitting to detour of the throttle chamber for maintenance of turns of idling at the set level, includes signals from gauges of turns cranked (CKP) and distributive (CMP) shaft, the gauge of position throttle заслонки (TPS), the gauge of temperature of a cooling liquid (ECT), the gauge of speed (VSS 2), the switch of ignition, gauge-switch K/V, and also the gauge-switch of neutral position of a transmission (РКПП) / start permissions (АТ).
Removal and installation
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If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped by a security code before to disconnect the battery make sure that have a correct combination for audiosystem input in action! |
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1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery.
2. Release a collar of fastening of a sleeve of an air inlet to gauge MAF (air cleaner) (see Has undressed the Regulator of pressure of fuel - the general data of the Head of the Power supply system and release) also release a collar of fastening of the sleeve connecting the delivery chamber with the case of a throttle.
3. Disconnect air hoses and remove an air line in gathering with the delivery chamber (see Has undressed the Regulator of pressure of fuel - the general data of the Head of the Power supply system and release). |
| 4. Disconnect electroconducting from the electromagnetic valve of additional air (IAC). |
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5. Disconnect hose PCV () and a vacuum hose ().
6. At a corresponding complete set of the car disconnect a vacuum hose () from an operating diaphragm темпостата. |
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| 7. Disconnect from valve IAC перепускной an air hose. |
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| 8. Turn out fastening bolts клапанной to assemblage on the throttle case. |
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| 9. Disconnect from valve IAC and take aside hoses охладительного a path. |
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10. Remove the valve.
11. Installation is made upside-down. Do not forget to replace a sealing lining, see, that all fixture has been tightened with demanded effort (6.4 0.5 Nanometers). |
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Washing and adjustment
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| 1. Start the engine and warm up its normal working temperature, - the fan of system of cooling should join. |
| 2. Having slightly opened throttle заслонку, lift turns of the engine to 2000 in a minute. |
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| 3. Disconnect перепускной a hose from an air inlet sleeve. |
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| 4. Slowly pump over in an aperture перепускного a hose full баллончик (about 480 ml) a special cleaner of type Top Engine Cleaner 1050002 GM, Delco Carburetor No X66-A AC, or Tune Up Conditioner. |
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5. Allow to the engine to work within five minutes, - it is not necessary to be frightened issues of a white smoke from an exhaust pipe.
6. Muffle the engine and release throttle заслонку.
7. Restore initial connection перепускного a hose. |
8. Operating according to instructions of manufacturers, adjust by means of special input reader SUBARU SELECT MONITOR factor of filling of electromagnetic valve IAC
- Fill in the input reader a cartridge;
- Connect the input reader to diagnostic socket DLC;
- Include ignition, then include the input reader;
- Choose a mode “2. Each System Check” in the main menu of the device;
- Choose in the menu of a choice subsection “EGI/EMPI”;
- In menu subsection “EGI/EMPI” choose a mode “1. Current Data Display and Save”;
- Pass in subsection “1.12 Data Display”;
- Adjust TPS according to requirements of Specifications (the factor of filling of valve IAC should make 25 40 %).
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The detonation gauge
The general information and functioning principle
Design of the gauge of a detonation
The gauge of a detonation equipped with a piezoelectric sensitive element reacts to increase of level of vibrations of the engine and hands over the corresponding information on ECM which, analyzing signals coming from the gauge, in appropriate way corrects a corner of an advancing of ignition.
Removal
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If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped by a security code before to disconnect the battery make sure that have a correct combination for audiosystem input in action! |
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| 1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery. |
| 2. Remove the delivery chamber of an inlet air path. |
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| 3. On models with РКПП remove and, without disconnecting hydraulic lines, take aside the executive cylinder of coupling. |
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| 4. Disconnect electroconducting from the detonation gauge. |
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5. Remove the gauge of a detonation from the block of cylinders.
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Installation
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The wire built in in the gauge should appear developed at an angle 45 to a back wall of the power unit! |
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| 1. Establish the detonation gauge on the regular place on the block of cylinders and tighten it with demanded effort (23.5 2.9 Nanometers). |
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2. Connect to the gauge of a detonation electroconducting.
3. On models with РКПП establish into place the executive cylinder, - with a cylinder rod it is necessary to grease knot of a joint of the lever of deenergizing of coupling консистентной with greasing. Track, that fixing a bolt have been tightened with demanded effort (37 3 Nanometers).
4. Establish into place assemblage of the delivery chamber of an air path.
5. Connect a negative wire to the battery. |
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The main relay of control systems of the engine and fuel injection
The general information
The main relay of control systems of the engine and fuel injection is responsible for food giving to the gauge of weight of air (MAF), to the electromagnetic valve of a purge of a coal adsorber of system EVAP, injectors of injection of fuel, the valve of management of air giving, to a heating element of the oxygen gauge and the electromagnetic valve of management of turns of fast idling (FICD).
Removal and installation
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If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped by a security code before to disconnect the battery make sure that have a correct combination for audiosystem input in action! |
Electroconducting relay сборкинки
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| 1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery. |
| 2. Turn out a bolt of fastening of a basic arm of the main relay and the relay of the fuel pump. |
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| 3. Disconnect from the relay electroconducting. |
| 4. Remove from an arm the main relay. |
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| 5. Installation is made upside-down. |
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Control lamp of refusals (MIL)
The general information
Control lamp of refusals (MIL), sometimes named also a lamp “Check up the engine”, it is built in in an instrument guard of the car and serves for revealing of signs of infringements of functioning of the engine. The lamp quickly lights up at inclusion of ignition and should go out within several seconds after realisation of start of the engine. Refusal of a lamp of deenergizing, or its operation at the working engine are malfunction signs.
Diagnostics of a condition of control lamp MIL
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| 1. Refusal of operation of a lamp at ignition inclusion (without engine start) testifies to presence in a chain of its food of breakage or short circuit, - check up a condition of corresponding electroconducting (schemes of electric connections in the Head the Onboard electric equipment see.
2. Refusal of a lamp of deenergizing after engine start can be caused short circuit in a chain of its electroconducting. As acknowledgement absence of any diagnostic codes OBD can serve in memory ECM.
3. At giving in a chain of a lamp of cyclic pressure frequency lamp MIL should work of 3 Hz in a flashing mode. Refusal of a lamp of a blinking at giving of corresponding pressure testifies to presence in its chain of breakage or short circuit. Check up also a condition of a contact socket of a chain of modes of testing for presence of signs of breakage.
4. If control lamp MIL continues to work in a flashing mode at giving in a chain of its food of cyclic pressure with frequency of 3 Hz after ignition inclusion, it is necessary to check up a contact socket of modes of diagnostics on presence of signs of short circuit. |
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Oxygen gauges
The general information and functioning principle
The scheme of placing of oxygen gauges in system of release of the fulfilled gases
The scheme of an arrangement of oxygen gauges in system of release of the fulfilled gases
Site of the forward oxygen gauge (1)
Site of the back oxygen gauge (2) on the Californian models
Site of the back oxygen gauge (3) on federal models
Design of the oxygen gauge
Both oxygen gauges (forward and back) are identical on a design and are covered with platinum циркониевую a tube generating pressure in the presence of a difference in concentration of oxygen in it and outside. The gauge case is earthed on weight of system of release of the fulfilled gases, the internal part is connected to ECM.
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At combustion in cylinders of the reenriched air-fuel mix all oxygen containing in fulfilled gases reacts with put on walls циркониевой tubes platinum that leads to very high difference of concentration О2 inside and outside of a tube and, - as consequence, - to increase developed by gauge EDS. |
At giving in the engine reimpoverished, i.e., a mix rich with oxygen, after каталитической concentration О2 in a tube remains to reaction enough high to what the smaller difference of potentials in the gauge testifies much.
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The maximum differences of the maintenance of oxygen are observed around optimum стехиометрического numbers of an air-fuel mix that allows ECM to make corresponding updatings with the minimum delay. |
It is necessary to notice that efficiency of generation ЭДС appreciably depends on temperature, reaching a maximum around 300 400 С. The given restriction has been considered by developers, - the ceramic heating element allowing much faster to deduce of them in operating conditions at start of the engine standardly enters into a design of gauges of last generation.
Removal and installation
The forward oxygen gauge
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If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped by a security code before to disconnect the battery make sure that have a correct combination for audiosystem input in action! |
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| 1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery. |
| 2. Disconnect from the forward oxygen gauge electroconducting. |
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3. Поддомкратьте the car also establish it on props.
4. Grease a carving part of the gauge with structure SUBARU CRC (№ 004301003) and give to means to be absorbed during not less than one minute. |
5. Remove the oxygen gauge.
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In order to avoid a gauge exit out of operation do not apply at its reversing excessive force, especially at performance of works on the cooled down system of release! |
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| 6. Before installation a carving part of the gauge follows antitaking hermetic of type JET LUBE SS-30. |
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7. Screw the gauge and tighten it with demanded effort (21 3 Nanometers).
8. Connect to the gauge electroconducting. Lower the car on the earth.
9. Connect a negative wire to the battery. |
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The back oxygen gauge (except the Californian models)
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If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped by a security code before to disconnect the battery make sure that have a correct combination for audiosystem input in action! |
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1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery.
2. Поддомкратьте the car also establish it on props. |
| 3. Disconnect from the back oxygen gauge electroconducting. |
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| 4. Grease a carving part of the gauge with structure SUBARU CRC (№ 004301003) and give to means to be absorbed during not less than one minute. |
5. Remove the oxygen gauge.
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In order to avoid a gauge exit out of operation do not apply at its reversing excessive force, especially at performance of works on the cooled down system of release! |
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6. Before installation a carving part of the gauge follows antitaking hermetic of type JET LUBE SS-30.
7. Screw the gauge and tighten it with demanded effort (21 3 Nanometers).
8. Connect to the gauge electroconducting.
9. Lower the car on the earth.
10. Connect a negative wire to the battery. |
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The back oxygen gauge (the Californian models)
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If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped by a security code before to disconnect the battery make sure that have a correct combination for audiosystem input in action! |
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| 1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery. |
| 2. Disconnect from the back oxygen gauge electroconducting. |
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3. Поддомкратьте the car also establish it on props.
4. Grease a carving part of the gauge with structure SUBARU CRC (№ 004301003) and give to means to be absorbed during not less than one minute. |
| 5. Remove the oxygen gauge. |
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6. Before installation a carving part of the gauge follows antitaking hermetic of type JET LUBE SS-30.
7. Screw the gauge and tighten it with demanded effort (21 3 Nanometers).
8. Connect to the gauge electroconducting.
9. Lower the car on the earth.
10. Connect a negative wire to the battery. |
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In order to avoid a gauge exit out of operation do not apply at its reversing excessive force, especially at performance of works on the cooled down system of release! |
The gauge of position throttle заслонки (TPS)
The general information and functioning principle
TPS is a classical potentiometer (the variable resistor) which resistance directly depends on an angle of rotation of an axis throttle заслонки. ECM uses arriving from TPS the information for updating of structure of an air-fuel mix during the moments of an acceleration, braking by the engine or on single turns.
Adjustment
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| 1. Switch off ignition. |
| 2. Loosen the screws of fastening TPS. |
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| 3. At voltmeter use remove ECM, include ignition and adjust position TPS so that that it gave out on the module of management a signal corresponding to requirements of Specifications (plug V84 №№ 24 and 24: 0.45 055 In [completely closed position заслонки]). |
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4. At use of special input reader SUBARU SELECT MONITOR (operate according to instructions of manufacturers of the device):
- Fill in the input reader a cartridge;
- Connect the input reader to diagnostic socket DLC;
- Include ignition, then include the input reader;
- Choose a mode “2. Each System Check” in the main menu of the device;
- Choose in the menu of a choice subsection “EGI/EMPI”;
- In menu subsection “EGI/EMPI” choose a mode “1. Current Data Display and Save”;
- Pass in subsection “1.12 Data Display”;
- Adjust TPS according to requirements of Specifications (at completely closed throttle заслонке the amplitude of a signal should make nearby 0.50).
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| 5. Having finished adjustment, tighten screws of fastening of the gauge with demanded effort (2.2 0.2 Nanometers). |
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Removal and installation
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If the stereosystem established on the car is equipped by a security code before to disconnect the battery make sure that have a correct combination for audiosystem input in action! |
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1. Disconnect a negative wire from the battery.
2. Disconnect from TPS electroconducting. |
| 3. Turn out fixing screws. |
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| 4. Remove TPS. |
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| 5. Installation is made upside-down, - do not forget to make gauge adjustment (see above). |
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The gauge-switch of position of the AT/PERMISSION of start
The general information and functioning principle
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The gauge-switch serves for a guarantee of safety of start of the engine and is established on the right on картере transmissions around an arrangement of the executive lever of a choice of a high-speed mode. |
In positions “Р” and “N” the lever the gauge-switch will close that provides possibility of giving of pressure on a starter. In all other positions of transmission the gauge-switch will open also possibility of start of the engine it is blocked. Besides, the gauge-switch in position “R” transmissions provides inclusion of fires of a backing.
Besides the listed functions the gauge-switch provides the module of management with transmission (TCM) the information on actually chosen high-speed mode АТ.
The gauge of speed of movement of the car (VSS 2)
The general information and functioning principle
The gauge of speed (VSS 2) is located on transmission and built in a speedometer head.
The gauge generates a signal consisting of 8 impulses on each turn of forward differential, and transfers it to a corresponding measuring instrument of the panel of devices (speedometer). The signal given out on a measuring instrument is converted in a 4-bit signal used then ECM of a control system by the engine. |
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